媒体报导
2022-12-02
本文汇总了金融学国际顶级期刊《Review of Financial Studies》近期发表的最新论文成果,提供金融研究领域最新学术动态。

目录
1)Credit Ratings and Market Information
2)Acquiring Innovation under Information Frictions
3)Can Environmental Policy Encourage Technical Change? Emissions Taxes and R&D Investment in Polluting Firms
4)Zombies at Large? Corporate Debt Overhang and the Macroeconomy
5)Sovereign Risk, Currency Risk, and Corporate Balance Sheets
6)Commonality in Credit Spread Changes: Dealer Inventory and Intermediary Distress
7)Mutual Fund Liquidity Transformation and Reverse Flight to Liquidity
8)Order Flows and Financial Investor Impacts in Commodity Futures Markets
9)The Market Risk Premium for Unsecured Consumer Credit Risk
10)Consuming Dividends
01
Credit Ratings and Market Information
作者:
Alessio Piccolo
(Indiana University)
Joel Shapiro
(University of Oxford)
摘要:准确的信用评级对投资者和监管机构都很重要。本文论证了信用风险市场是信用评级机构(CRAs)纪律性的重要来源。本文研究了一个信用评级机构评级伴随着信用风险市场的模型,信用风险市场提供了关于(信用风险)价格的公共信号。更具信息的交易通过令评级错误更透明的方式驱动评级机构更加准确。本文表明这种纪律性来源 (a)在存在道德风险、多个评级机构以及相关联的一级、二级市场的情况下仍具有稳健性,(b)在信用风险市场特有。
Abstract:Accurate credit ratings are important for both investors and regulators. We demonstrate that the market for credit risk provides an important source of discipline for credit rating agencies (CRAs). We examine a model in which a CRA’s rating is followed by a market for credit risk that provides a public signal – the price. More informative trading increases the CRA’s incentives to be accurate by making rating errors more transparent. We show that this source of discipline is (a) robust to moral hazard, multiple CRAs, and connected primary and secondary markets and (b) specific to the market for credit risk.
02
Acquiring Innovation under Information Frictions
作者:
Murat Alp Celik
(Department of Economics, University of Toronto)
Xu Tian
(Terry College of Business, University of Georgia)
Wenyu Wang
(Kelley School of Business, Indiana University)
摘要:通过企业并购获取创新技术受限于信息摩擦,因为评估具有创新技术的目标企业价值是一项具有挑战性的任务。本文发现企业创新与收购风险暴露之间存在倒U型关系、股权使用随目标企业创新程度(增加)而增加,并购交易完成率随创新程度(增加)而降低。本文建立并估计了一个信息摩擦下的企业创新获取模型,该模型特别考量了内部并购、创新和报价组成决策。估计表明,收购方的尽职调查只揭示了30%目标企业拥有的私人信息。消除信息摩擦会使资本化并购收益增加59%,同时会刺激创新,提高生产力、商业活力和社会福利。
Abstract:Acquiring innovation through M&A is subject to information frictions, as assessing the value of innovative targets is a challenging task. We find an inverted U-shaped relation between firm innovation and takeover exposure; equity usage increases with target innovation; and the deal completion rate drops with innovation. We develop and estimate a model of acquiring innovation under information frictions, featuring endogenous merger, innovation, and offer composition decisions. Our estimates suggest that acquirers’ due diligence reveals only 30% of private information possessed by targets. Eliminating information frictions increases capitalized merger gains by 59%, stimulates innovation, and boosts productivity, business dynamism, and social welfare.
03
Can Environmental Policy Encourage Technical Change? Emissions Taxes and R&D Investment in Polluting Firms
作者:
James R. Brown
(Ivy College of Business, Iowa State University)
Gustav Martinsson
(KTH Royal Institute of Technology)
Christian Thomann
(Stockholm School of Economics)
摘要:对制造过程中排放的有害物质征收更高额的国家税负会使企业的研发支出大幅增加。该“研发响应”完全由最受排放税影响的高污染企业驱动。污染税增加了污染企业研发支出的边际价值,即使当这些支出不会带来新的技术创新(也如此)。污染税对研发投入的影响在那些新发明难以效仿、外部知识更容易获得的产业中最强,这表明污染企业投资于研发的一个重要原因是扩大其吸收外部知识和技术诀窍的能力。
Abstract:Higher country taxes on noxious manufacturing emissions lead to substantial increases in firms’ R&D spending. The R&D response is entirely driven by those high-pollution firms most affected by emissions taxes. Pollution taxes increase the marginal value of R&D spending in polluting firms, even when this spending does not lead to new innovation. Pollution taxes have the strongest effect on R&D investment in sectors in which new invention is difficult to appropriate and outside knowledge is easier to acquire, suggesting an important reason dirty firms invest in R&D is to expand their capacity to absorb external knowledge and technical know-how.
04
Zombies at Large? Corporate Debt Overhang and the Macroeconomy
作者:
Òscar Jordà
(Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco and University of California, Davis, and CEPR)
Martin Kornejew
(University of Bonn)
Moritz Schularick
(University of Bonn and Sciences Po, and CEPR)
Alan M Taylor
(University of California, Davis, NBER, and CEPR)
摘要:债务积压与较高的金融脆弱性和从衰退中较缓慢复苏相关。尽管有大量文献表明家庭信贷繁荣具备这种特点,但我们发现企业债务并不符合相同的模式。近期收集的18个发达经济体过去150年非金融企业负债的数据显示,整体而言,企业债务偿还方面的摩擦越大,复苏就越缓慢,同时伴随着投资疲软与更难以清除的“僵尸企业”。这是解释(企业债务)与家庭信贷繁荣之间结果差异的一个重要因素。
Abstract:Debt overhang is associated with higher financial fragility and slower recovery from recession. However, while household credit booms have been extensively documented to have this property, we find that corporate debt does not fit the same pattern. Newly collected data on nonfinancial business liabilities for 18 advanced economies over the past 150 years shows that, in the aggregate, greater frictions in corporate debt resolution make for slower recoveries, with weak investment and more persistent “zombie firms” and that this is an important factor in explaining the difference in outcomes relative to household credit booms.
05
Sovereign Risk, Currency Risk, and Corporate Balance Sheets
作者:
Wenxin Du
(University of Chicago Booth School of Business, Federal Reserve Bank of New York, NBER, and CEPR)
Jesse Schreger
(Columbia Business School, NBER, and CEPR)
摘要:本文对2003年至2017年间新兴市场主权与企业外部借款的币种构成演变进行了全面描述。本文表明企业部门对外币债务的依赖程度越强,主权债务违约风险越高。本文将本币主权债务和私营部门货币错配引入标准的主权债务模型,以研究企业借款的币种构成如何影响主权债务扩张或违约的动机。模型校准后产生了实证中发现的主权信用风险趋势。
Abstract:We provide a comprehensive account of the evolution of the currency composition of sovereign and corporate external borrowing by emerging markets from 2003 to 2017. We show that a higher reliance on foreign currency debt by the corporate sector is associated with higher sovereign default risk. We introduce local currency sovereign debt and private sector currency mismatch into a standard sovereign debt model to examine how the currency composition of corporate borrowing affects the sovereign’s incentive to inflate or default. A calibration of the model generates the empirical patterns of sovereign credit risk.
06
Commonality in Credit Spread Changes: Dealer Inventory and Intermediary Distress
作者:
Zhiguo He
(Booth School of Business, University of Chicago and NBER)
Paymon Khorrami
(Imperial College Business School, Imperial College London)
Zhaogang Song
(Carey Business School, Johns Hopkins University)
摘要:公司债券经纪商库存指标和广泛的金融中介困境指标这两个基于金融中介的因子可以在典型的结构化(模型)因子之外解释40%以上信用利差(令人疑惑)的共同变化。一个考虑了部分市场分割的简单金融中介模型可以解释为何金融中介因子(对信用利差共同变化)具有解释力,并且传递出三个具有实证支持的额外隐含结论。首先,基于风险相关变量对公司债券进行排序,公司债券对中介因子的载荷会呈现出单调性,但基于非风险相关变量对公司债券排序并不会产生(类似)趋势。其次,经纪商库存只与公司信贷资产联动,而中介困境与公司信贷和非公司信贷资产均联动。最后,经纪商库存会对机构投资者(工具变量的)债券出售做出反应。
Abstract:Two intermediary-based factors—a corporate bond dealer inventory measure and a broad intermediary distress measure—explain more than 40% of the puzzling common variation in credit spread changes beyond canonical structural factors. A simple intermediary-based model with partial market segmentation accounts for intermediary factors’ explanatory power and delivers three further implications with empirical support. First, whereas bond sorts on risk-related variables produce monotonic loading patterns on intermediary factors, non-risk-related sorts produce no pattern. Second, dealer inventory comoves with corporate-credit assets only, whereas intermediary distress comoves with both corporate-credit and non-corporate-credit assets. Third, dealers’ inventory responds to (instrumented) bond sales by institutional investors.
07
Mutual Fund Liquidity Transformation and Reverse Flight to Liquidity
作者:
Yiming Ma
(Columbia Graduate School of Business)
Kairong Xiao
(Columbia Graduate School of Business)
Yao Zeng
(The Wharton School, University of Pennsylvania)
摘要:本文指出,固定收益共同基金是导致COVID-19危机期间流动性资产市场出现异常高抛售压力的一个重要因素。本文发现,共同基金经历了显著的投资者资金外流,并且这种效应会被它们的流动性转变放大。在应对赎回时,基金遵循啄序理论,首先出售包括国债和高质量公司债券在内的流动资产,导致这些市场产生了最集中的抛售压力。总体而言,估计的共同基金对价格的影响规模较大,占COVID-19危机期间美国国债收益率增幅的三分之一,公司债券收益率增幅的四分之一。
Abstract:We identify fixed-income mutual funds as an important contributor to the unusually high selling pressure in liquid asset markets during the COVID-19 crisis. We show that mutual funds experienced pronounced investor outflows amplified by their liquidity transformation. In meeting redemptions, funds followed a pecking order by first selling their liquid assets, including Treasuries and high-quality corporate bonds, which generated the most concentrated selling pressure in these markets. Overall, the estimated price impact of mutual funds was sizable at a third of the increase in Treasury yields and a quarter of the increase in corporate bond yields during the COVID-19 crisis.
08
Order Flows and Financial Investor Impacts in Commodity Futures Markets
作者:
Mark J. Ready
(University of Wisconsin-Madison)
Robert C. Ready
(University of Oregon)
摘要:利用日内数据,本文记录了商品指数交易资金流对商品期货价格产生的统计显著但短暂的影响。本文也检验了以往文献记载的商品挂钩票据发行附近的正收益率(趋势),发现这些收益率的数量级太大,因此并非是由对冲票据所必需的小额交易导致。本文提供了新的证据表明这些收益是内生性发行的结果。本文研究结果为大宗商品金融化提供了新的支持,但同时也强调了度量金融投资规模的重要性,因为即便金融资金流规模较大,但其对价格产生的经济性影响也很有限。
Abstract:Using intraday data, we document statistically strong, but temporary, impacts of commodity index trade flows on commodity futures prices. We also examine the previously documented positive returns around the issuance of commodity-linked notes and find that these returns are an order of magnitude too large to be caused by the small trades necessary to hedge the notes. We provide new evidence that they are instead the result of endogenous issuance. Our results provide novel support for commodity financialization but highlight the importance of measuring the magnitude of financial investment, since even large financial flows have economically modest impacts on prices.
09
The Market Risk Premium for Unsecured Consumer Credit Risk
作者:
Matthias Fleckenstein
(Lerner College of Business and Economics, University of Delaware)
Francis A. Longstaff
(UCLA Anderson School of Management, University of California at Los Angeles and the National Bureau of Economic Research)
摘要:本文利用信用卡资产支持证券的价格来研究无担保消费者信贷风险的市场风险溢价。研究发现,这些证券的价格中包含了大量的信用风险溢价。另外,2007-2009年金融危机后,无担保消费者信贷风险发生了重大重新定价。本文证据显示,这一(信用风险定价)增加与金融危机后监管规则改变,要求发行人将信用卡证券化重新纳入资产负债表带来的资产负债表成本有关。这些监管变化可能使无担保家庭信贷的成本增加了100多个基点。
Abstract:We use the prices of credit card asset-backed securities to study the market risk premium associated with unsecured consumer credit risk. We find that the market incorporates a substantial credit risk premium into the prices of these securities. Furthermore, there has been a major repricing of unsecured consumer credit risk since the 2007–2009 financial crisis. We find evidence that this increase is linked to balance-sheet costs imposed by postcrisis changes in regulations that have placed credit card securitizations back onto issuer balance sheets. These regulatory changes may have added more than 100 basis points to the cost of unsecured household credit.
10
Consuming Dividends
作者:
Konstantin Bräuer
(Goethe University Frankfurt)
Andreas Hackethal
(Goethe University Frankfurt and Leibniz Institute SAFE)
Tobin Hanspal
(WU Vienna University of Economics and Business)
摘要:本文研究了投资者为何购买派息资产以及其如何据此安排消费。本文将行政银行关联客户消费、收入和投资组合的数据与金融行为的调查反应相结合,发现私人消费对股利收入极度敏感。不同财富、收入和年龄分布的投资者恰好在派息日附近增加了支出。本文结果与现有的财务约束和冲动等一些理性或行为解释并不一致,相反,消费反应体现了选择股利投资组合、预期股息收入并据此计划消费的投资者产生的“计划”过度敏感性。
Abstract:This paper studies why investors buy dividend-paying assets and how they time consumption accordingly. We combine administrative bank data linking customers’ consumption and income to portfolio data and survey responses on financial behavior. We find that private consumption is excessively sensitive to dividend income. Investors across wealth, income, and age distributions increase spending precisely around days of dividend receipt. Our results are at odds with a number of existing rational and behavioral explanations, such as financial constraints and impulsiveness. Instead, consumption responses reflect “planned” excess sensitivity, driven by investors who select dividend portfolios, anticipate dividend income, and plan consumption accordingly.